Lahore has emerged as the world’s third most polluted city, recording an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 215, as deteriorating air quality continues to affect several urban centres across Pakistan.

According to air quality data released on Friday, India’s Kolkata topped the global pollution ranking with an AQI of 242, while Lahore secured the third position.

The situation was particularly concerning in other Pakistani cities, with Multan reporting an exceptionally high AQI of 480. Bahawalpur recorded 291, followed by Rahim Yar Khan at 287.

Sargodha and Skardu registered AQI readings of 257 and 255, respectively, while Gujranwala recorded 221. Sialkot also reported unhealthy air quality with an index of 190.

The widespread pollution levels have raised concerns over public health, particularly for vulnerable groups, including children, older people, and individuals with existing respiratory conditions.

Health risks of deteriorating air quality

Prolonged exposure to polluted air can trigger respiratory illnesses, worsen asthma symptoms and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Fine particulate matter, particularly PM2.5, poses a significant health threat as its tiny particles can travel deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.

Health experts recommend limiting outdoor activities during periods of severe pollution, keeping windows closed and wearing properly fitted protective masks when going outside.

The latest figures highlight the need for stronger pollution-control measures, effective air quality monitoring, and coordinated action to address major sources of emissions across Pakistan.